Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background and Objectives: India is claimed to be the diabetes capital of the world. Many studies had proven thatpersistent hyperglycemia and associated metabolic syndrome features like hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesitycontribute to the development of vascular complications.The present study aims to study the prevalence and clinical profile of microvascular and macrovascular complications innewly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Methods: The study is a clinical, prospective and observational study of 100 newly detected type 2 diabetics attendingmedicine department outpatient/ inpatient, MMU hospital, ambala, form the subject for the study August 2018 to July2020 (24 months) who matched the inclusion criteria.Results: In this, 62 were males and 38 were females and the mean age was 54.05±13.24 years. 44% were detected whenthey presented with multiple complications due to diabetes. Common complications which they presented werecoronary artery disease (15%), infection (12%), stroke (6%), ulcers (4%), neuropathy (4%) and diabetic ketoacidosis(1%). The prevalence of macrovascular complications CAD, CVD and PAD was 26.0%, 8.0% and 11.0% respectively andmicrovascular complications retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy was 20.0%, 34.0% and 16.0% respectively.Highincidence of complications especially microvascular and CAD occur with HbA1c of range >6.5. The correlation coefficientof FBS and PPBS in relation to HbA1c was 0.56 and 0.57 respectively.Conclusion: Smoking, increased BMI and waist circumference is associated with increased prevalence of diabetes.There is high prevalence of coronary artery disease, retinopathy and nephropathy at diagnosis.HbA1c levels predict theprevalence of complications.