Sanskritization

Abstract This chapter examines M.N. Srinivas’ conceptualization of Sanskritization, which he defined as the emulation of the beliefs and practices of upper castes, particularly those of Brahmins, by lower castes in order to raise their status in the caste hierarchy. Conversely, critics of this concept argue that it falsely represents lower castes as eager imitators of upper castes, and thereby negates their agency and consciousness. The central argument of this chapter is that Srinivas’ concept of Sanskritization presents an ideational/imagined view of Indian society, and is guided by the integrative function of the caste system. Srinivas conceived it as a unifying principle that would ensure the integration of diverse castes and communities under Hindu civilization, built on Brahminical culture. In this sense, Sanskritization seems to share a common ideology with Hindutva as both concepts view Indian civilisation as Hindu, and Sanskritic culture as its unifying force.