An energy‐efficient non‐uniform clustering routing protocol based on improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm for wireless sensor networks

Abstract Wireless sensor networks have been used widely in environmental tracking and monitoring. Nevertheless, WSNs are facing a number of challenges, such as unreasonable cluster head selection and energy‐hole problems while nodes have unbalanced energy consumption. Thus, the paper aims to propose an energy‐efficient non‐uniform clustering routing protocol to enhance nodes energy efficiency and balance the energy consumption in WSNs. In addition, a non‐uniform clustering network partition is introduce to reduce the probability of energy hole occurrences and optimize cluster heads dynamical selection method to suggest an improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm. Ultimately, the simulation experiment has demonstrated a 20% gain of energy efficiency to extend network lifetime by the proposed protocol and enhanced algorithm.