التحليل التقابلي بين اللغتين العربية والإندونيسية في المفعول به

This study aims to examine the concept of mafʿūl bih (direct object) in Arabic and Indonesian, focusing on similarities and differences between the two languages and describing their respective usage methods. It also seeks to contribute to addressing the difficulties and errors faced by Indonesian-speaking learners of Arabic, especially in understanding and applying the concept of mafʿūl bih. The study is limited to comparing formal Arabic (fuṣḥā) and standard Indonesian in terms of the mafʿūl bih, using a descriptive-analytical-comparative method. The analysis involves three main steps: first, a linguistic description of mafʿūl bih in both languages; second, identification of similarities and differences; and third, prediction of potential learning difficulties arising from those differences. Key findings include: both languages share common features, such as mafʿūl bih being an additional element in the sentence and its ability to occur more than once and typically at the end. However, differences include Arabic allowing up to three direct objects for some verbs, while Indonesian generally limits this to two. Furthermore, mafʿūl bih in Arabic is identified by grammatical case markings (ʿirāb), whereas in Indonesian, it is identified by sentence position. Arabic also allows three structural variations of mafʿūl bih, while Indonesian generally maintains a fixed structure. These differences represent major obstacles for Indonesian-speaking learners of Arabic.