Network structure differences between subgroups of autistic adults

Purpose: Differences in (autism) characteristics are often reported between autistic and non-autistic adults, but also between autistic adults. We aim to determine whether mean differences correspond to differences in network structure of these characteristics in (a) autistic and non-autistic adults, and (b) two previously identified autism subgroups. Methods: 16 network variables related to demographic and psychological characteristics were included. First, Gaussian Graphical Models were used for network estimation in 261 autistic adults and 384 non-autistic comparisons aged 30-85 years. Second, we repeated this step within two previously identified autism subgroups (N1=124, N2=130). Third, sex differences were explored in the networks of the autism subgroups. Results: The networks of the autism and comparison groups differed on individual edges and visual inspection, although the Network Comparison Test showed no overall differences. The networks of autism subgroups were similar based on visual inspection and statistical comparisons. Sex did not impact the subgroup networks differently. Conclusion: Networks were more similar than different, but observed edge differences could be informative for targeted support. Focusing on mean differences is not sufficient to determine which factors (and associations) are important for autistic people. Thus, network analysis provides a valuable tool beyond assessing mean differences for autistic adults.