Progress of Acetylation Modification in Plants

Protein acetylation, a conserved post-translational modification, is collaboratively catalyzed by acetyltransferases and deacetylases and is widespread in plants. This study reviews recent research regarding two key types of acetylation: histone acetylation and non-histone acetylation. Histone acetylation, occurring primarily in the nucleus, regulates the structure of chromatin to control gene transcription on a large scale. This process is crucial for the precise regulation of the plant organ formation and development. Non-histone protein acetylation is widely distributed across various organelles and can finely regulate almost all key cellular processes and functions. Histone and non-histone acetylation work together to construct a complex and precise acetylation-modification regulatory network in plants. Finally, this study also analyzes current research challenges and prospects related to acetylation modifications. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of acetylation modifications in plants not only enables us to better understand the molecular mechanisms of plant growth and development but also provides a theoretical basis and potential targets for the genetic improvement and enhancement of stress resistance in crops, with significant scientific and practical value.