Evaluation of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity, Antioxidant Activity,and Quantification of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents inPhyllanthus reticulatus Poir

Phyllanthus reticulatus is an important medicinal plant in traditional medicine, used for treating bone and joint disorders,pain relief, anti-inflammatory purposes, liver protection, diabetes management, and antioxidant activities. Thisinvestigation focuses on analyzing the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of total and fractionated extracts ofPhyllanthus reticulatus, through DPPH radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibition assays, in addition to measuringtheir phenolic and flavonoid contents. The results indicate that the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction exhibited superior biologicalactivities with the lowest IC50 values, reaching 46.48±8.85 μg/ml for xanthine oxidase and 9.35±0.66 μg/ml for DPPH. Thepolyphenol and flavonoid content in this fraction were the highest, measuring 365.58±15.57 mg GAE/g and 21.67±1.92mg QE/g, respectively, highlighting a strong correlation between chemical composition and biological efficacy. The totalextract and BuOH and water fractions also demonstrated antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities at varying levels.These findings confirm the potential of the Phyllanthus reticulatus in developing pharmaceutical and functional foodproducts, particularly for treating oxidative stress-related diseases.