Application of the A-Star Method for Evacuation Routes Using the Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN)

Optimal evacuation route planning is a crucial factor in disaster mitigation, especially in areas with limited communication infrastructure. This study proposes the application of the A-Star method for evacuation route optimization, supported by the Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) as an emergency communication system. The research methodology includes the development of an A-Star algorithm optimized with an adaptive heuristic function, integration with LoRaWAN-based sensors for real-time road condition monitoring, and simulations in various disaster scenarios. The results show that the developed system can reduce evacuation time by up to 31.4% compared to conventional methods and maintain communication connectivity up to 95% even under emergency conditions. Furthermore, the dynamic adaptation mechanism allows for automatic route changes based on current field conditions, enhancing the effectiveness of the evacuation process. Therefore, the integration of the A-Star method and LoRaWAN network proves to be a reliable and efficient solution for improving public safety during disasters.