Calibration of scatterometer wind speed under hurricane conditions

AbstractFour scatterometers, namely: METOP-A, METOP-B, ERS-2 and OCEANSAT-2 were re-calibrated against combined National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) data and aircraft Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) data from hurricanes. As a result, continuous calibration relations over the wind speed range 0 to 45ms-1were developed. The calibration process uses match-up criteria of 50kmand 30minfor the buoy data. However, due to the strong spatio-temporal wind speed gradients in hurricanes, a method which considers both scatterometer and SFMR data in a storm-centred translating frame of reference is adopted. The results show that although the scatterometer radar cross-section is degraded at high wind speeds, it is still possible to recover wind speed data using the re-calibration process. Data validation between the scatterometers shows that the calibration relations produce consistent results across all scatterometers and reduce the bias and root mean square error compared to previous calibrations. In addition, the results extend the useful range of scatterometer measurements to as high as 45ms-1.