Khilafah Islam dalam Perspektif Sejarah Pemikiran Ali Abdul Raziq

<p><em>Ali Abdul Raziq is a scholar from Egypt. He was born in 1888. His famous thought is about </em>khilafah<em>. In his book, the title is al-Islam </em>wa<em> Usul al-Hukm: Bahs fi al-Khilafah </em>wa<em> al-Hukumah fi al-Islam, he argues that </em>khilafah<em> is not an obligation in Islam. It refers to the duty of the prophet Muhammad who is only obliged to convey Islam to people, not </em>as king<em> or leader of a State. This clearly makes many scholars deviate from his opinion. Therefore, it is important to discuss further related to the thought of Ali Abdul Raziq about the </em>khilafah<em> with the formulation of the problems, (1) Biography of Ali Abdul Raziq and (2) The thought of Ali Abdul Raziq about the </em>khilafah<em>. This study uses </em>historical<em> method with stages: heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The result of this research is that Ali Abdul Raziq through his book clearly states that the </em>khilafah<em> is not an obligation in Islam. This was influenced by the Western thoughts, he </em>taked<em> when he studied in England. This opinion ultimately resulted in him being ostracized </em>among<em> Egyptian scholars. Nevertheless, his thinking is widespread, as evidenced by the same pattern of thinking shared by several figures in Indonesia.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: Ali Abdul Raziq, Khilafah, History, Thought.</em></p>