Response of Flavonoids Production to Some Elicitors in Callus and Cell Suspension Culture of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate how to maximize the production of flavonoids from ginkgo leaves callus or cell suspension cultures. Study Design: The experiment was implemented in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Research Laboratory of Tissue Culture and Preservation of Germplasm, Horticulture Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt from 2020 to 2022.  Methodology: Adenine sulfate and pyruvic acid were added at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/l, for each. Cadmium and lead acetate were added (2 and 4 mg/l for each) to the cell suspension. Jasmonic acid (15, 50, and 100 µM), AgNO3 (25, 50, and 75 µM) and tryptophan (50, 100, and 200 mg/l) were used in the hard callus culture. Results: Results indicated that the maximum cell suspension fresh weight (6.50 g) was obtained from (0.5 g) cell suspension grown on MS medium supplemented with adenine 0.2 mg/l while lead acetate at 2.0 mg/l increased dry weight (0.89g) after the second subculture. The maximum packed cell volume (PCV) (24.33%) was obtained from lead acetate at 2.0 mg/l in the second cycle of growth. The best flavonoid production (91.29 mg/100 g DW) was produced in the second cycle of growth from callus treated with AgNO3 at 25 µM. Treating Ginkgo biloba callus cultured with jasmonic acid at 100 µM increased the inhibition of AChE in the serum of AD patients from 235.2 U/l (untreated serum) to 76.08 U/l at 38.71 ug/ml compared with the Ginkgo biloba ® at 260 mg which inhibit the activity from 235.2 U/l to 55.73 U/l at 26.00 ug/ml at amount 25.00 ul for all. Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba is a valuable source of anticholinesterase agents and could be used in pharmaceutical preparations by using callus culture technique treated with jasmonic acid and AgNO3.