Perspective chapter: Optoelectronics for neural interfaces

Optoelectronics for neural interfaces is a growing field developing light-based methods for recording and stimulating neural activity. It has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of neurological disorders. The chapter will delve into optoelectronics’ basic principles, its applications, and various devices such as implantable optical fibers, microelectrode arrays, and integration with flexible materials. The chapter will highlight the challenges and opportunities facing the field, such as developing small, flexible, and biocompatible devices, controlling light delivery, understanding optogenetic stimulation effects and their scalable integration to achieve high spatiotemporal precision and low invasiveness. Despite challenges, optoelectronics for neural interfaces is a promising approach that could open up new avenues to restore vision to the blind, control prosthetic limbs, and treat diseases like epilepsy.