Ganti Rugi Karena Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Dalam Sengketa Penguasaan Tanah Adat

This research examines District Court Decision Number 113/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jap with the aim of assessing that the decision was incorrect by not granting compensation and that the request for compensation submitted was legally valid.  The urgency of this research is the injustice of the judge's decision against the Plaintiff by not providing the compensation requested by the Plaintiff even though the application is valid according to the law and assessing that the first level decision was incorrect because the Defendants committed an unlawful act by claiming, releasing, transferring and selling customary land without permission and causing losses. This reflects the lack of legal protection of landowners' rights to customary land inheritance. This research is important to provide a perspective for customary landowners in order to obtain justice from a legal perspective. The research method used is the normative juridical research method or doctrinal research. The statute approach and case approach were used. This research encourages judges to refer to Article 1365 of the Civil Code in deciding PMH cases by paying attention to proving losses so that the decisions have legal certainty and have implications for improving the quality of decisions. Therefore, this research assesses that the judge's decision in this case was incorrect because it did not provide compensation in accordance with the losses suffered by the landowner despite the fact that the losses were experienced for 35 years and the Plaintiff's request for compensation was valid according to Article 1365 of the Civil Code.   Penelitian ini mengkaji Putusan PN Nomor 113/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jap dengan tujuan melakukan penilaian bahwa putusan tersebut tidak tepat dengan tidak memberikan ganti kerugian dan permohonan ganti rugi yang diajukan sah secara hukum. Urgensi penelitian ini yaitu ketidakadilan putusan Hakim terhadap Penggugat dengan tidak memberikan ganti rugi yang dimohonkan Penggugat meskipun permohonan sah menurut hukum serta menilai putusan tingkat pertama tidak tepat karena para Tergugat melakukan perbuatan melanggar hukum dengan mengeklaim, melepas, mengalihkan dan menjual tanah adat tanpa izin dan menimbulkan kerugian. Hal ini, mencerminkan kurangnya perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak pemilik tanah atas warisan tanah adat. Penelitian ini penting untuk memberikan perspektif bagi Pemilik tanah adat agar mendapatkan keadilan dari segi hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif atau doctrinal research. Digunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Penelitian ini mendorong Hakim mengacu pada Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata dalam memutuskan perkara PMH dengan memperhatikan pembuktian kerugian sehingga putusan yang diputus memiliki kepastian hukum dan berimplikasi terhadap peningkatan kualitas putusan. Karenanya, penelitian ini menilai bahwa putusan Hakim dalam perkara ini tidak tepat karena tidak memberikan ganti rugi sesuai kerugian yang dialami pemilik tanah padahal secara faktanya kerugian dialami selama 35 tahun serta permohonan ganti rugi Penggugat sah menurut Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata.