EXPLORING THE PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS OF ABU RAYHAN AL-BIRUNI: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, a polymath of the Islamic Golden Age, made significant contributions to various fields, including astronomy, mathematics, geography, anthropology, and philosophy. Among his multifaceted endeavors, his philosophical inquiries stand out, offering profound insights into the nature of existence, knowledge, and the universe. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of al-Biruni's philosophical views, examining his thoughts on epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and the relationship between science and religion. By delving into his works, including "The Book of Instruction in the Elements of the Art of Astrology" and "The Chronology of Ancient Nations," we illuminate al-Biruni's philosophical legacy and its relevance to contemporary discourse.