Timurlular Döneminde Dil ve Edebiyat

This article focuses on the language and literature during the reign of Timurids (1370-1507). Although there are differing views regarding the classification of the historical periods of the Turkish language in the Eastern Turkic region, in terms of time, space, and naming, the article examines two historical dialects used as written languages during this period: the early phase of Eastern Turkish, namely Khwarezm- Golden Horde Turkish, and the Pre-Classical and Classical Periods of Eastern Turkish / Chagatai / Old Uzbek. The period marking the end of the common written language era in Turkish language history, along with Karakhanid Turkish, is characterized by the final phase of Old Turkish in Khwarezm, based on Karakhanid Turkish. The Divanü Lugat-it-Türk, particularly while preparing the dictionary of the Turkish language, mentions the dialects of various Turkic tribes such as the Oghuz, Kipchak, Kalac, Uighur, Pechenek, Kimek, Bayavut, Kangli, and others, highlighting differences in phonology, morphology, and vocabulary that influenced the written language. This written language continued to be used in the Volga and Mamluk regions after the 14th century. The Classical Eastern Turkish, which evolved in Samarkand, and later in Herat during the Timurid period, continued to show differences in phonology, morphology, and vocabulary. This language remained a common written language until the 20th century. Under the title Language and Literature in the Time of Timurids (14th-15th Centuries), the article addresses topics such as the naming of the Turkish language in the Timurid realm, the classification of the language in the Timurid period: 1. Khwarezm-Golden Horde Turkish, 2. Eastern Turkish; the periods of Eastern Turkish, bilingualism, and the alphabets used in the writing of Eastern Turkish; spoken language and oral literary products: epics, wisdom literature; written language: the development and changes in the written language, and its characteristic philological features; works from the Timurid period: translation activities and original/translated works (translations of the Quran, works on Islamic jurisprudence, stories of prophets and saints, works related to science and art: medicine, history, music, rhetoric, and prosody); official letters, epistolary writing; biographical collections; and the poets and writers of the pre-Classical and Classical periods during the Timurid era, along with their works. By examining the works produced in Eastern Turkish, this article aims to demonstrate the full development of the Turkish language as a diplomatic, literary, religious, and scholarly language through the works created by scholars, poets, writers, and artists of this period.