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Hukum Adat as Embodied Law: Assessing the Legal Regimes Governing Indigenous Land Rights in Indonesia

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<p><b>English Abstract:</b> The legal status of Indigenous communities’ rights to their traditional lands in Indonesia remains a contested issue in both legal scholarship and practice. Despite&nbsp;<i>de jure</i>&nbsp;protections within Indonesian law, communities across the archipelago continue to face violations of their land rights from both public and private actors. This article examines the efficacy of and interplay between three legal regimes in Indonesia: state law, international law, and&nbsp;<i>hukum adat</i>&nbsp;(chthonic or customary law). While state and international law have proven inadequate in safeguarding Indigenous land rights,&nbsp;<i>hukum adat</i>&nbsp;may represent the most effective legal basis for the ongoing protection of these rights. Scholarship on Indonesian law tends to value formal, juridical analysis while downplaying&nbsp;<i>hukum adat&nbsp;</i>as a subordinate feature of Indonesia’s legal landscape. This article challenges this narrow framework by embracing a broader sociological interpretation of law, treating law as a multidimensional social paradigm operating a multiplicity of social fields beyond just formal jurisprudence. By conceptualising&nbsp;<i>hukum adat</i>&nbsp;as an “embodied” expression of chthonic law, this paper positions&nbsp;<i>hukum adat</i>&nbsp;as a legitimate and integral subject of legal analysis and advocates for its recognition as a dominant legal regime governing Indigenous land rights in Indonesia.</p> <p><span><b>Indonesian Abstract:</b></span><span> Status hukum hak ulayat Masyarakat Adat di Indonesia masih tetap isu yang diperdebatkan dalam kajian dan praktik hukum. Meskipun terdapat perlindungan&nbsp;</span><i>de jure</i><span>&nbsp;dalam hukum Indonesia, Masyarakat Adat di seluruh negara terus menghadapi pelanggaran hak-hak tersebut oleh pelaku publik dan swasta. Artikel ini mengkaji efektivitas serta hubungan antara tiga rezim hukum di Indonesia: hukum nasional, hukum internasional dan hukum adat. Walaupun hukum nasional dan internasional telah terbukti tidak cukup efektif untuk melindungi hak ulayat, hukum adat dapat menjadi dasar hukum yang paling efektif untuk perlindungan berkelanjutan atas hak-hak tersebut. Kajian atas hukum Indonesia cenderung menekankan analisis yuridis formal, sambil meremehkan hukum adat sebagai elemen subordinat hukum Indonesia. Artikel ini menantang kerangka yang sempit tersebut dengan mengadopsi interpretasi sosiologis yang lebih luas tentang hukum. Yaitu, hukum adalah paradigma sosial multidimensional yang beroperasi dalam berbagai bidang sosial, melampaui yurisprudensi formal semata. Dengan mengonseptualisasikan hukum adat sebagai manifestasi hukum khthonik, artikel ini menempatkan hukum adat sebagai subjek analisis hukum yang sah dan integral, serta mendorong pengakuan hukum adat sebagai rezim hukum dominan yang mengatur hak ulayat Masyarakat Adat di Indonesia.</span><br></p>
Elsevier BV
Title: Hukum Adat as Embodied Law: Assessing the Legal Regimes Governing Indigenous Land Rights in Indonesia
Description:
<p><b>English Abstract:</b> The legal status of Indigenous communities’ rights to their traditional lands in Indonesia remains a contested issue in both legal scholarship and practice.
Despite&nbsp;<i>de jure</i>&nbsp;protections within Indonesian law, communities across the archipelago continue to face violations of their land rights from both public and private actors.
This article examines the efficacy of and interplay between three legal regimes in Indonesia: state law, international law, and&nbsp;<i>hukum adat</i>&nbsp;(chthonic or customary law).
While state and international law have proven inadequate in safeguarding Indigenous land rights,&nbsp;<i>hukum adat</i>&nbsp;may represent the most effective legal basis for the ongoing protection of these rights.
Scholarship on Indonesian law tends to value formal, juridical analysis while downplaying&nbsp;<i>hukum adat&nbsp;</i>as a subordinate feature of Indonesia’s legal landscape.
This article challenges this narrow framework by embracing a broader sociological interpretation of law, treating law as a multidimensional social paradigm operating a multiplicity of social fields beyond just formal jurisprudence.
By conceptualising&nbsp;<i>hukum adat</i>&nbsp;as an “embodied” expression of chthonic law, this paper positions&nbsp;<i>hukum adat</i>&nbsp;as a legitimate and integral subject of legal analysis and advocates for its recognition as a dominant legal regime governing Indigenous land rights in Indonesia.
</p> <p><span><b>Indonesian Abstract:</b></span><span> Status hukum hak ulayat Masyarakat Adat di Indonesia masih tetap isu yang diperdebatkan dalam kajian dan praktik hukum.
Meskipun terdapat perlindungan&nbsp;</span><i>de jure</i><span>&nbsp;dalam hukum Indonesia, Masyarakat Adat di seluruh negara terus menghadapi pelanggaran hak-hak tersebut oleh pelaku publik dan swasta.
Artikel ini mengkaji efektivitas serta hubungan antara tiga rezim hukum di Indonesia: hukum nasional, hukum internasional dan hukum adat.
Walaupun hukum nasional dan internasional telah terbukti tidak cukup efektif untuk melindungi hak ulayat, hukum adat dapat menjadi dasar hukum yang paling efektif untuk perlindungan berkelanjutan atas hak-hak tersebut.
Kajian atas hukum Indonesia cenderung menekankan analisis yuridis formal, sambil meremehkan hukum adat sebagai elemen subordinat hukum Indonesia.
Artikel ini menantang kerangka yang sempit tersebut dengan mengadopsi interpretasi sosiologis yang lebih luas tentang hukum.
Yaitu, hukum adalah paradigma sosial multidimensional yang beroperasi dalam berbagai bidang sosial, melampaui yurisprudensi formal semata.
Dengan mengonseptualisasikan hukum adat sebagai manifestasi hukum khthonik, artikel ini menempatkan hukum adat sebagai subjek analisis hukum yang sah dan integral, serta mendorong pengakuan hukum adat sebagai rezim hukum dominan yang mengatur hak ulayat Masyarakat Adat di Indonesia.
</span><br></p>.

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