Customary Forest Management Based on Cultural Spatial Tripartite Scheme in Tenganan Pegringsingan

The customary forest of Tenganan Pegringsingan in Karangasem, Bali, received the Customary Forest Decree from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in 2019 as a part of Social Forestry implementation. This decree marked the beginning of granting rights to manage the customary forest for the traditional village in Bali. The Tenganan Pegringsingan indigenous community manages their customary forest through a traditional bureaucratic scheme, employing the authority of Krama Desa and a set of customary laws (awig-awig). Krama Desa acts as the governance authority for the utilization of the Tenganan Pegringsingan customary forest, involving two parties: the inheritance rights owners and the Penyakap community. This research employs spatial ethnography and participatory observation methods within the Penyakap in the Tenganan Pegringsingan customary forest to study the spatio-cultural relations and ecological adaptation perspectives of those living within the customary forest. The existence of the tripartite scheme in the management of the customary forest in Tenganan Pegringsingan involves the Krama Desa, the inheritance rights owners (the Tenganan Pegringsingan indigenous community), and the Penyakap ("sharecropper'' and settlers in the customary forest). All three play crucial roles in the future utilization and preservation processes of the customary forest.