Węgiel w awangardzie (Tadeusz Peiper – Julian Przyboś – Jan Brzękowski – Bolesław Lubosz)

The article summarizes the avant-garde poetry of Tadeusz Peiper, Julian Przyboś, Jan Brzękowski, and their successor, Bolesław Lubosz, devoted to hard coal. Observing the partial break of this poetry with the romantic vision of the underground, which did not specify coal as a separate matter, the author reflects on how to shape the language of the new, coal-based materiality. The article proposes to see it in four close-ups: coal utopias, coal sprays, coal energies and birds made of coal (the latter metaphor, derived from Peiper’s poem, refers to the work of Tadeusz Kłak, which is a direct inspiration for the arrangement of the material in this article).