Conceptual Review of Pravala (Coral) – A Marine Source of Natural Calcium

Background: Pravala (Coral) is one among the nine ratnas (precious stones), as categorized by all the texts of Rasashastra. Pravala is widely used in ayurvedic practice being a rich source of natural calcium and various trace elements. Objective: To critically review and highlight potential natural sources of calcium:pravala from classical and contemporary literature with recent research works. Data source: Ancient Indian literature, Classical texts of Rasa shastra from Rasa Hridaya Tantra (9th Cent. A.D) to Rasa Tarangini (20th Cent. A.D). Materials and Methods: Present work has reviewed and compiled a detailed description of Pravalaparyaya (synonyms), utpatti (Occurrence), bheda (types), grahya/agrahya laxanas (Considerable/Nonconsiderable properties for medicinal preparations), guna karma (Pharmacological and therapeutic properties), shodhana (Purification), Marana (Incineration), pishtikalpana (fine powder), matra (Dose) amayika prayoga (Therapeutic utility) and Yogas (Compound formulations) with its contemporary science relevance. Result: Data from the critical review of classical and contemporary research works. Conclusion: Pravala being natural source of calcium, is administered in the form of Bhasma (Calyx) and Pishti (Paste)for curing ailments such as Amlapitta (Hyperacidity), Netra Roga (Eye diseases), and Hridaya Roga (Cardiac diseases). Pravala is having pitta shamaka (Soothing effect) and Asthiposhaka (Bone mineralization) properties ideally indicated to treat mainly disorders of pitta aggravation and asthikshaya (Calcium deficiency).