Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Acacia nilotica Extract against GramPositive Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Shendi Town, Sudan

Background: Acacia nilotica is one of the products used as an antimicrobial agent since ancient times. With the alarming increase of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, Acacia nilotica can be an alternative and safe agent that helps in the treatment of these strains. Objectives: The aim is to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of Acacia nilotica on gram-positive bacteria isolated from clinical specimens using the agar well diffusion method. Methodology: This is a prospective cross-sectional study in Shendi City, Sudan, during the period from March 2023 to February 2024. A total of 50 samples were collected from urine and wounds, from which four strains of pathogenic gram-positive bacteria were isolated and identified. Results: Out of a total of 50 clinical specimens, Staphylococcus aureus 30 (60%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 13 (26%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 4 (8%), and Enterococcus fecalis 3 (6%). Acacia nilotica showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against all gram-positive cocci bacteria. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that Acacia nilotica can be used as an antibacterial agent against grampositive bacterial strains. The greatest value of the antibacterial effect can be obtained when Acacia nilotica is at a concentration of 100%. As a result, this study established the usefulness of the Acacia nilotica plant as a substitute therapy for bacterial illnesses, one that may be utilized to either totally eradicate or significantly reduce the bacteria's resistance to synthetic antimicrobial drugs.