Performance Assessment of Radiator Using Various Combinations of Nanofluids as Coolant

Radiator cooling efficiency is essential for maintaining engine performance and preventing overheating, yet conventional coolants like water and ethylene glycol (EG) have low thermal conductivity, limiting heat dissipation. This study explores the use of ethylene glycol-based Copper Oxide (CuO) nanofluids at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% to enhance radiator performance by leveraging the superior thermal properties of nanoparticles. An experimental setup was designed to evaluate heat transfer efficiency at varying flow rates, analyzing key parameters such as heat transfer coefficient, thermal conductivity, and overall cooling effectiveness. The results indicate that increasing CuO nanoparticle concentration improves heat transfer, with the 3% CuO nanofluid demonstrating the highest cooling efficiency; however, higher concentrations may lead to stability concerns over time. These findings suggest that nanofluids significantly enhance radiator performance, offering a viable alternative to conventional coolants while contributing to improved engine efficiency and longevity. Optimizing nanoparticle concentration and coolant flow rate can further improve heat dissipation, reducing engine wear and overheating risks. Future research should focus on enhancing nanofluid stability and investigating long-term effects on radiator materials to ensure their practical applicability in automotive cooling systems. Key Words: Nanofluids, radiator performance, heat transfer, Copper Oxide, automotive cooling, thermal conductivity.