Comparative evaluation of Ayurvedic formulations Dantyadi Lepa and Swarjika Ksharadi Lepa in the management of Fibroadenosis: A Pharmacognostical Study

The formulations of Dantyadi Lepa and Swarjika Ksharadi Lepa were subjected to advanced analytical techniques to validate their therapeutic potential in managing fibroadenosis. Kshara standardization ensured the physiochemical properties of Mulaka Kshara and Swarjika Kshara met the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) standards. The alkaline nature of Swarjika Kshara demonstrated apoptosis-inducing properties in abnormal tissue cells, effectively inhibiting fibroadenotic growth. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of diverse functional groups in both formulations. Dantyadi Lepa showed halo compounds, vinyl groups, amines, alcohols, alkyls, phenols, nitro compounds, amides, alkynes, and carboxylic acids, while Swarjika Ksharadi Lepa exhibited alkenes, aromatics, conjugated alkenes, acid halides, and carboxylic acids. These findings provide a detailed chemical profile, aiding in quality control and therapeutic optimisation. SEM-EDS analysis characterized the formulations as mineral-organic composites with a flaky, layered structure resembling clay or silicate minerals. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of carbon, oxygen, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, and Ca, with niobium suggesting rare mineral inclusion or industrial contamination. HR-LCMS analysis identified bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, and fatty acids, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-tumour properties. These compounds, known for their lekhana (scraping) action, inhibit tumour growth and promote the breakdown of fibrous tissue. Bitter and pungent compounds interact with molecular receptors in breast tissue, effectively disrupting pathways responsible for lump formation These combined analyses validate the scientific basis of these formulations, ensuring their consistency, safety, and efficacy in managing fibroadenosis and related conditions.