The Effectiveness of Social Safety Nets in Reducing Extreme Poverty

Purpose: This study sought to analyze the effectiveness of social safety nets in reducing extreme poverty. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the effectiveness of social safety nets in reducing extreme poverty. Preliminary empirical review revealed that social safety nets, including cash transfers, food aid, and public works programs, were effective in providing immediate relief to impoverished populations and improving their living conditions. These programs significantly contributed to increased access to essential services such as education and healthcare. However, their impact on long-term poverty reduction and economic mobility was limited due to their inability to address the underlying structural issues of poverty. The study emphasized the need for a more integrated approach that combines social safety nets with broader development initiatives to enhance their overall effectiveness and address both immediate and long-term poverty challenges. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Social Protection Theory, Human Development Theory and Capability Approach may be used to anchor future studies on social safety nets in reducing extreme poverty. The study recommended integrating social safety nets with broader development initiatives to create a holistic approach to poverty reduction. It emphasized the importance of improving program design and targeting to ensure that benefits reached those most in need and were tailored to local contexts. Adequate funding and efficient administration were deemed crucial for the success of these programs, along with fostering sustainable economic opportunities to promote long-term self-sufficiency. Additionally, the study called for enhanced monitoring and evaluation, addressing the root causes of poverty, and promoting interdisciplinary research and collaboration to improve the effectiveness and impact of social safety nets.