The Relationship Between Premenstrual Dysphoric Symptoms, Perceived Stress, and Sleep Quality Among Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a psychological condition that significantly influences female students’ behavior, cognitive ability, and mental health status. It has a critical role in mental health and well-being and in the academic success and professional performance of nursing students. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship between PMDD, perceived stress levels and sleep quality among female nursing students in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive design. The sample size was 144 students, and we used a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using the following tools: Demographics and Gynecological Data Sheet, Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Perceived Stress Scale. Results: The levels of premenstrual symptoms and sleep disturbances among the participants can be regarded as moderate, whereas the level of perceived stress was found to be at its highest level, with 63.9% of participants experiencing a moderate level and 14.6% reporting severe stress. There was a significant positive correlation between premenstrual symptoms and perceived stress (r = 0.39, p = 0.005). Thus, as premenstrual symptoms increase, so does perceived stress. Additionally, there is a noteworthy correlation between perceived stress and sleep disturbance (r = 0.28, p = 0.04), indicating that higher levels of stress are associated with more sleep disturbances. Conclusions: PMDD symptoms have a detrimental influence on female students’ emotional state; thus, mental health experts play an important role in identifying variables that mitigate the severity of PMDD among female’s students.