Tuberkulosis Milier: Tinjauan Manifestasi Klinis, Diagnosis, Penatalaksanaan, dan Komplikasi pada Pasien

Miliary tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis characterized by widespread spread in the human body with small size lesions (1-5 mm). The word "miliary" comes from the typical pattern on chest x-rays which has many small spots distributed throughout the lung area with an appearance similar to millet seeds, so it is called 'miliaria' TB. In Indonesia, miliary tuberculosis is also an important form of tuberculosis to pay attention to, but specific data about its prevalence is often combined with data about general tuberculosis. Histology-based epidemiological studies from autopsies estimate miliary TB to account for less than 2% of all TB cases. Many patients initially experience a productive cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and hemoptysis. The combination of OAT given for miliary TB is the same as pulmonary TB, namely 2 RHZE / 4 RH. In certain conditions, corticosteroids can be given. The death rate from miliary TB is around 15% to 20% in children and 25% to 30% in adults. Factors generally associated with a poor prognosis of miliary TB are malnutrition, hypoalbuminemia, increased serum bilirubin levels, leukopenia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and pleural or pericardial involvement.