FEATURES OF ECOLOGY OF FICUS CARICA L. IN DAGHESTAN

Ficus carica L. is one of the famous fruit trees from ancient times, which is grown all over the world. The wild fig plants are found from the Mediterranean to the Northwestern India. It is widely cultivated in the subtropical area such as the Mediterranean countries, Iran, Arabia, China, Japan, the USA (California) and Chile. The territory of Daghestan is the Northern border of distribution of the fig. This paper presents the ecological conditions of growing the fig populations in Daghestan. The results show large variability in the growing conditions of the fig plants in all the studied natural habitats. In five areas where the species F. carica L. grow in Daghestan, the plants show high intraspecific variability – the habitual polymorphism. Taking into account the fact that the fig in this region is located on the Northern border of its distribution and the fact that it is listed in the Red Book of Daghestan, the study of this species is of great scientific and practical interest.