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The vanishing levels of a tree
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Abstract
We initiate the study of the spectrum of sets that can be realized as the vanishing levels
$V(\mathbf T)$
of a normal
$\kappa $
-tree
$\mathbf T$
. This is an invariant in the sense that if
$\mathbf T$
and
$\mathbf T'$
are club-isomorphic, then
$V(\mathbf T)\mathbin {\bigtriangleup } V(\mathbf T')$
is nonstationary. Additional features of this invariant imply that the spectrum is closed under finite unions and intersections. The set
$V(\mathbf T)$
must be stationary for a homogeneous normal
$\kappa $
-Aronszajn tree
$\mathbf T$
, and if there exists a special
$\kappa $
-Aronszajn tree, then there exists one
$\mathbf T$
that is homogeneous and satisfies that
$V(\mathbf T)$
covers a club in
$\kappa $
. It is consistent (from large cardinals) that there is an
$\aleph _2$
-Souslin tree, and yet
$V(\mathbf T)$
is co-stationary for every
$\aleph _2$
-tree
$\mathbf T$
. Both
$V(\mathbf T)=\emptyset $
and
$V(\mathbf T)=\kappa $
(modulo nonstationary) are shown to be feasible using
$\kappa $
-Souslin trees, even at some large cardinal close to a weakly compact. It is also possible to have a family of
$2^\kappa $
many
$\kappa $
-Souslin trees for which the corresponding family of vanishing levels forms an antichain in the Boolean algebra of the powerset of
$\kappa $
, modulo the nonstationary ideal.
Canadian Mathematical Society
Title: The vanishing levels of a tree
Description:
Abstract
We initiate the study of the spectrum of sets that can be realized as the vanishing levels
$V(\mathbf T)$
of a normal
$\kappa $
-tree
$\mathbf T$
.
This is an invariant in the sense that if
$\mathbf T$
and
$\mathbf T'$
are club-isomorphic, then
$V(\mathbf T)\mathbin {\bigtriangleup } V(\mathbf T')$
is nonstationary.
Additional features of this invariant imply that the spectrum is closed under finite unions and intersections.
The set
$V(\mathbf T)$
must be stationary for a homogeneous normal
$\kappa $
-Aronszajn tree
$\mathbf T$
, and if there exists a special
$\kappa $
-Aronszajn tree, then there exists one
$\mathbf T$
that is homogeneous and satisfies that
$V(\mathbf T)$
covers a club in
$\kappa $
.
It is consistent (from large cardinals) that there is an
$\aleph _2$
-Souslin tree, and yet
$V(\mathbf T)$
is co-stationary for every
$\aleph _2$
-tree
$\mathbf T$
.
Both
$V(\mathbf T)=\emptyset $
and
$V(\mathbf T)=\kappa $
(modulo nonstationary) are shown to be feasible using
$\kappa $
-Souslin trees, even at some large cardinal close to a weakly compact.
It is also possible to have a family of
$2^\kappa $
many
$\kappa $
-Souslin trees for which the corresponding family of vanishing levels forms an antichain in the Boolean algebra of the powerset of
$\kappa $
, modulo the nonstationary ideal.
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