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Reg SHO at Twenty

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Regulation SHO ("Reg SHO") was enacted by the Securities and Exchange Commission in 2004 to address concerns regarding so-called naked short selling and large and persistent trade settlement failures. Reg SHO was also designed to bring consistency, transparency, and fairness to short sale rules that varied across the major stock exchanges. This paper is the first comprehensive analysis of the impact and efficacy of Reg SHO at reducing naked short selling and fails-to-deliver (FTDs) over its twenty-year history. I use daily Regulation SHO Threshold Lists and FTD data for the period from the start of Reg SHO in 2005 through the end of 2024, together with academic and proprietary databases, to document the composition and magnitude of high FTD securities. I conclude that the Reg SHO legacy is mixed and further reforms are necessary to ensure investor confidence in markets.
Elsevier BV
Title: Reg SHO at Twenty
Description:
Regulation SHO ("Reg SHO") was enacted by the Securities and Exchange Commission in 2004 to address concerns regarding so-called naked short selling and large and persistent trade settlement failures.
Reg SHO was also designed to bring consistency, transparency, and fairness to short sale rules that varied across the major stock exchanges.
This paper is the first comprehensive analysis of the impact and efficacy of Reg SHO at reducing naked short selling and fails-to-deliver (FTDs) over its twenty-year history.
I use daily Regulation SHO Threshold Lists and FTD data for the period from the start of Reg SHO in 2005 through the end of 2024, together with academic and proprietary databases, to document the composition and magnitude of high FTD securities.
I conclude that the Reg SHO legacy is mixed and further reforms are necessary to ensure investor confidence in markets.

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