Forensic Pathology Research Priorities for Zambia: Strengthening Justice and Public Health through Evidence-Based Practice

Forensic pathology plays a critical role in Zambia’s criminal justice system and public health infrastructure, yet the field faces significant challenges, including resource constraints, workforce shortages, and gaps in standardized protocols. This report identifies and prioritizes key research areas to advance forensic pathology in Zambia, leveraging current institutional frameworks, global advancements, and the potential of molecular techniques. Through an analysis of Zambia’s forensic landscape—including the roles of the National Forensic Authority (NFA), the Office of the State Forensic Pathologist (OSFP), and the National Forensic Science and Biometrics Department (NFSB)—we highlight systemic challenges such as limited pathologist availability, logistical barriers, and the impact of infectious diseases like COVID-19 on forensic services (Mucheleng’anga & Himwaze, 2020; Shumba et al., 2023). Globally, innovations such as digital pathology, post-mortem imaging, molecular autopsy, and microbiome analysis offer transformative potential for Zambia, though their implementation must be contextually adapted (Girelli et al., 2024). Locally, molecular techniques, particularly DNA analysis, present opportunities for improved identification and cause-of-death determination, especially in cases involving decomposed remains or mass disasters (DNAforAfrica.com, n.d.). Priority research areas include: (1) epidemiological analysis of prevalent causes of death (e.g., trauma, homicide, and infectious diseases); (2) validation of cost-effective molecular tools for resource-limited settings; (3) toxicological studies on traditional remedies and environmental factors; and (4) development of standardized protocols tailored to Zambia’s needs. To address these priorities, we recommend increased government investment, capacity-building collaborations with local and international institutions, and the establishment of ethical guidelines for forensic research. By focusing on these strategic areas, Zambia can enhance the accuracy of forensic investigations, inform public health interventions, and strengthen justice delivery (Yokobori et al., 2020). This research agenda underscores the necessity of evidence-based practices to create a more equitable and effective forensic pathology system in Zambia and similar low-resource settings.