Unravel the Different Begomoviruses, DNA Satellites and Cryptic Species of Bemisia Tabaci and Their Endosymbionts in Vegetable Ecosystem

Bemisia tabaci species complex contains more than 46 cryptic species causes’ significant yield loss in many cultivated crops. The pest is also vector more than 100 species of begomviruses, which are major threat for the cultivation of many crops in different regions of the world. The relation between cryptic species of the B. tabaci species complex and begomoviruses infecting different crops remains unclear. In the present study, four cryptic species (Asia I, China 3, Asia II 5 and Asia II-1) of B. tabaci and their associated five endosymbionts ( Arsenophonus, Cardinium Rickettsia and Wolbachia ) has been identified in different vegetable crops. Further vector-based PCR detection five different begomviruses were identified that includes Okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV), Tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV), Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV), Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCuV), and Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). Of these begomoviruses the maximum infection rate was observed at 9.1% for OELCuV, followed by 7.3% for ToLCNDV, while the infection rates of the other three viruses (SLCCNV, ChiLCuV, ToLCPalV) was ranged from 0.9 to 2.7% in cryptic species of B. tabaci . Further, each cryptic species was infected with multiple virus species and the virus infection rates for more in Asia I, Asia II-5, China 3 and Asia II-1 were 21.2%, 15.1%, 15.1% and 0.6% respectively. Similarly, in case of betasatellites the highest infection rate was observed at 12% for ToLCBDB, followed by 6% for OLCuB and PaLCB, infection rates BYVB is only 2%. Whereas in alphasatellites, the highest infection rate was observed at 18.2% for AEV and 3% for CLCuMuA. This study demonstrates the distribution of various begomoviruses in a different vegetable ecosystem and their relationships with cryptic species of B. tabaci.