Evaluating the role of indoor environmental quality in predicting ocular and general sick building syndrome: insights from the AIRMED project

Background Modern buildings, designed for energy efficiency often lead to poor indoor air quality (IAQ), combined with prolonged indoor working activity resulting in Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) symptoms among occupants. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of SBS symptoms especially ocular and general symptoms and their association with IAQ and ergonomic factors among office workers in a healthcare facility. Method A cross-sectional study involving 261 office workers was conducted, assessing demographics, working conditions, and SBS symptoms using questionnaires. Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) parameters were measured, including thermal comfort, chemical, and biological parameters, light, and building inspection. Result Results revealed a substantial prevalence of ocular (27.2%) and general (22.2%) SBS symptoms, associated with prolonged computer usage and elevated formaldehyde levels. Multivariable analysis revealed that every hour of increase in computer screen time beyond seven hours increased the risk of ocular and general SBS by 21% and 23%, respectively. Formaldehyde concentrations ≥ ocular 0.74 ppm increased the probability of ocular SBS by 5.9 times. Furthermore, repetitive wrist and shoulder movements increased the risk of general SBS by 2.48 times. Conclusion Recommendations include optimizing IAQ, reducing formaldehyde emissions, and implementing ergonomic workstation strategies to mitigate SBS effects. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive workplace interventions for healthier indoor environments and improved occupational health and productivity.