ORDINAL REGRESSION FOR MODELLING THE FAMILY WELL-BEING AMONG THE MALAYSIANS

Background and Purpose: Understanding factors which affect the level of family well-being is important as it contributes to effective decision making among the policymakers to improve the family lives as well as to strengthen the family institution. Accordingly, this line of research is gaining attention. This study develops an ordinal regression model which identifies demographic, economic and social factors that are significant in explaining the status of family well-being.    Methodology: Data involving 2,808 respondents from a nationwide survey conducted by the National Population and Family Development Board of Malaysia in 2011 were used in this study. Ordinal regression model was implemented to describe the three levels of family well-being.   Findings: The national survey reported that high level of family well-being was experienced by 76.3 per cent of the respondents, followed by moderate (18.4%) and low (5.3%). The fitted ordinal regression model found that ethnic background, family relationship, community relationship, health and safety levels, economic situation of the family, religious practice, housing, and environment are significantly related to family well-being. Meanwhile, it was found that the level of income is not a significant factor in determining the level of family well-being.     Contributions: There are a limited number of studies on the application of ordinal regression for modelling the level of family well-being, particularly with covariates involving the demographic and social characteristics of the respondents. This study fills in the gap in the literature where the ordinal regression model provides useful information for policymakers to enhance the status of family well-being in Malaysia via various policy initiatives.   Keywords: Family well-being, Ordinal Regression Model, ordinal data, Proportional Odds Model.   Cite as: Muhammad Sapri, N. A., Ibrahim, K., Abu Bakar, M. A., & Mohd Ariff, N. (2021). Ordinal regression for modelling the family well-being among the Malaysians.  Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(2), 424-447. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp424-447