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ADVANCING FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY: UTILIZING INTRAORAL SCANNERS FOR AGE AND SEX DETERMINATION

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ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Odontologi forensik memainkan peran penting dalam identifikasi manusia, terutama dalam memperkirakan usia dan menentukan jenis kelamin. Metode tradisional seperti pencitraan radiografi dan cetakan gigi telah banyak diterapkan, namun metode tersebut memiliki keterbatasan dalam hal presisi, konsistensi, dan kepraktisan dalam skenario forensik yang kompleks. Perkembangan pesat kedokteran gigi digital telah memperkenalkan pemindai intraoral (IOS) sebagai alternatif yang menjanjikan, yang mampu menghasilkan data gigi 3D yang sangat akurat. Tujuan: Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kontribusi pemindai intraoral terhadap odontologi forensik, dengan penekanan pada penggunaannya dalam estimasi usia dan jenis kelamin. Metode: Tinjauan naratif dilakukan dengan mencari publikasi di PubMed, Scopus, dan ScienceDirect dari tahun 2016 hingga 2024. Kata kunci yang digunakan meliputi "pemindai intraoral," "cetakan digital," "odontologi forensik," "estimasi usia," dan "penentuan jenis kelamin." Hasil: Pemindai intraoral dapat memberikan representasi digital yang tepat dan konsisten dari anatomi gigi dan langit-langit mulut. Penggunaan forensik yang dilaporkan meliputi analisis dimorfisme seksual pada lipatan langit-langit mulut dan bentuk lengkung gigi, serta identifikasi indikator terkait usia seperti pola erupsi dan keausan oklusal. Keunggulan utama meliputi peningkatan akurasi, perekaman non-invasif, dan pengarsipan digital jangka panjang yang andal. Namun, keterbatasan tetap ada, termasuk ukuran sampel yang terbatas, perbedaan antar sistem pemindai, dan tidak adanya pedoman forensik yang terpadu. Kesimpulan: Pemindai intraoral menunjukkan potensi yang cukup besar untuk mendukung estimasi usia dan jenis kelamin dalam odontologi forensik. Bukti saat ini menunjukkan bahwa pemindai intraoral dapat meningkatkan presisi dan konsistensi relatif terhadap teknik tradisional, namun studi yang lebih luas dan prosedur standar diperlukan untuk memperkuat penerapannya dalam forensik.Kata Kunci: Odontologi forensik; Pemindai intraoral; Estimasi usia; Penentuan jenis kelamin; Kedokteran gigi digital ABSTRACTBackgrounds: Forensic odontology plays a crucial role in human identification, especially in estimating age and determining gender. Traditional methods such as radiographic imaging and dental casts have been widely applied, yet they present limitations regarding precision, consistency, and practicality in complex forensic scenarios. The rapid development of digital dentistry has introduced intraoral scanners (IOS) as a promising alternative, capable of generating highly accurate three-dimensional dental datasets. Objectives: This review aims to explore the contribution of intraoral scanners to forensic odontology, with emphasis on their use in age and gender estimation. Methods: A narrative review was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect for publications from 2016 to 2024. Keywords included “intraoral scanner,” “digital impression,” “forensic odontology,” “age estimation,” and “sex determination.”. Results: Findings from the literature indicate that intraoral scanners can deliver precise and consistent digital representations of dental and palatal anatomy. Reported forensic uses include analyzing sexual dimorphism in palatal rugae and dental arch forms, along with identifying age-related indicators such as eruption patterns and occlusal wear. Key advantages compared with conventional approaches include enhanced accuracy, non-invasive recording, and reliable long-term digital archiving. However, limitations persist, including restricted sample sizes, differences among scanner systems, and the absence of unified forensic guidelines. Conclusions: Intraoral scanners show considerable promise for supporting age and gender estimation in forensic odontology. Current evidence suggests they may improve precision and consistency relative to traditional techniques, yet broader studies and standardized procedures are required to solidify their forensic applicability.  Keywords: Forensic odontology; Intraoral scanner; Age estimation; Sex determination; Digital dentistry.
Center for Journal Management and Publication, Lambung Mangkurat University
Title: ADVANCING FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY: UTILIZING INTRAORAL SCANNERS FOR AGE AND SEX DETERMINATION
Description:
ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Odontologi forensik memainkan peran penting dalam identifikasi manusia, terutama dalam memperkirakan usia dan menentukan jenis kelamin.
Metode tradisional seperti pencitraan radiografi dan cetakan gigi telah banyak diterapkan, namun metode tersebut memiliki keterbatasan dalam hal presisi, konsistensi, dan kepraktisan dalam skenario forensik yang kompleks.
Perkembangan pesat kedokteran gigi digital telah memperkenalkan pemindai intraoral (IOS) sebagai alternatif yang menjanjikan, yang mampu menghasilkan data gigi 3D yang sangat akurat.
Tujuan: Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kontribusi pemindai intraoral terhadap odontologi forensik, dengan penekanan pada penggunaannya dalam estimasi usia dan jenis kelamin.
Metode: Tinjauan naratif dilakukan dengan mencari publikasi di PubMed, Scopus, dan ScienceDirect dari tahun 2016 hingga 2024.
Kata kunci yang digunakan meliputi "pemindai intraoral," "cetakan digital," "odontologi forensik," "estimasi usia," dan "penentuan jenis kelamin.
" Hasil: Pemindai intraoral dapat memberikan representasi digital yang tepat dan konsisten dari anatomi gigi dan langit-langit mulut.
Penggunaan forensik yang dilaporkan meliputi analisis dimorfisme seksual pada lipatan langit-langit mulut dan bentuk lengkung gigi, serta identifikasi indikator terkait usia seperti pola erupsi dan keausan oklusal.
Keunggulan utama meliputi peningkatan akurasi, perekaman non-invasif, dan pengarsipan digital jangka panjang yang andal.
Namun, keterbatasan tetap ada, termasuk ukuran sampel yang terbatas, perbedaan antar sistem pemindai, dan tidak adanya pedoman forensik yang terpadu.
Kesimpulan: Pemindai intraoral menunjukkan potensi yang cukup besar untuk mendukung estimasi usia dan jenis kelamin dalam odontologi forensik.
Bukti saat ini menunjukkan bahwa pemindai intraoral dapat meningkatkan presisi dan konsistensi relatif terhadap teknik tradisional, namun studi yang lebih luas dan prosedur standar diperlukan untuk memperkuat penerapannya dalam forensik.
Kata Kunci: Odontologi forensik; Pemindai intraoral; Estimasi usia; Penentuan jenis kelamin; Kedokteran gigi digital ABSTRACTBackgrounds: Forensic odontology plays a crucial role in human identification, especially in estimating age and determining gender.
Traditional methods such as radiographic imaging and dental casts have been widely applied, yet they present limitations regarding precision, consistency, and practicality in complex forensic scenarios.
The rapid development of digital dentistry has introduced intraoral scanners (IOS) as a promising alternative, capable of generating highly accurate three-dimensional dental datasets.
Objectives: This review aims to explore the contribution of intraoral scanners to forensic odontology, with emphasis on their use in age and gender estimation.
Methods: A narrative review was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect for publications from 2016 to 2024.
Keywords included “intraoral scanner,” “digital impression,” “forensic odontology,” “age estimation,” and “sex determination.
”.
Results: Findings from the literature indicate that intraoral scanners can deliver precise and consistent digital representations of dental and palatal anatomy.
Reported forensic uses include analyzing sexual dimorphism in palatal rugae and dental arch forms, along with identifying age-related indicators such as eruption patterns and occlusal wear.
Key advantages compared with conventional approaches include enhanced accuracy, non-invasive recording, and reliable long-term digital archiving.
However, limitations persist, including restricted sample sizes, differences among scanner systems, and the absence of unified forensic guidelines.
Conclusions: Intraoral scanners show considerable promise for supporting age and gender estimation in forensic odontology.
Current evidence suggests they may improve precision and consistency relative to traditional techniques, yet broader studies and standardized procedures are required to solidify their forensic applicability.
 Keywords: Forensic odontology; Intraoral scanner; Age estimation; Sex determination; Digital dentistry.

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