Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Intoxications: A Retrospective Study

Abstract Background Pediatric poisonings are a significant cause of emergency admissions, often linked to accessible household toxins. This study investigates the epidemiological patterns, clinical presentations, and management strategies at a tertiary care hospital in Algiers, Algeria. Methods A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted on anonymized pediatric poisonings cases. Variables included age, sex, type of ingestion, intent (accidental vs. voluntary), substances involved, endoscopic findings, hospitalization duration, and management approach. Results 59 pediatric poisoning cases were analyzed, which were predominantly accidental and affected children aged 0–6 years. Medication (n=24) and caustic ingestions (n=25) were the most frequent agents. Caustic cases, which primarily affected older toddlers, led to moderate mucosal injury in three patients. Carbon monoxide (n=8) affected a wide age range, including infants and adolescents. Management was mainly supportive; while most medication cases were discharged in two days, caustic cases required hospitalization for up to 14 days. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions. Conclusion Pediatric poisonings in this setting are largely preventable. Unsafe storage of medications and caustic agents is the primary contributor. Public health interventions focusing on household safety, caregiver education, and standardized clinical protocols are essential. Key Points What is known Pediatric poisonings are common emergency admissions. Toddlers are the most vulnerable age group. Unsafe household storage is a major risk factor. What is added First detailed Algerian hospital-based analysis of pediatric intoxications. Characterizes the dual burden of caustic and medication poisonings in a North African pediatric setting, with caustic ingestions accounting for the most prolonged hospitalizations and requiring endoscopic evaluation. Demonstrates that carbon monoxide poisoning affects a broad age range including infants, highlighting environmental domestic exposure as a distinct and underappreciated risk in this context.