The Grand Renversement

This chapter examines how England, which had once helped end Maria Theresa's conflict with Prussia, ironically triggered the next round of hostilities through its obsession with empire and trade. It details how Wenzel Kaunitz-Rietberg viewed the Austrian Netherlands not as a prized buffer zone, as England did under the Barrier Treaties, but as a financial burden benefiting only England. It also outlines Kaunitz's frustration with British condescension, harsh diplomatic language, and burdensome cash subsidies that stripped Austria of financial independence. The chapter highlights Kaunitz's strategic maneuvering to establish a diplomatic link between Maria Theresa and Madame de Pompadour, preparing for a realignment with France. When England signed the Convention of Westminster with Prussia in 1756, Maria Theresa accused it of abandoning the old system, allowing Kaunitz to secure court support for his bold diplomatic shift.