Exploring the stem and root wood anatomy of Wrightia coccinea Sims (Apocynaceae) in relation to their sustainability and resilience

Abstract The present analysis offers the first comparison of the both quantitative and qualitative approaches aspects of wood anatomy of the stem and root in the significant deciduous tree Wrightia coccinea Sims (Apocynaceae), which has ecological, ornamental, and therapeutic applications. It is currently classified as least concern by IUCN. Qualitatively, both organs exhibited heterocellular rays with rhomboidal crystals and starch grains, vestured pits, diffuse-apotracheal axial parenchyma, diffuse-porous vessels, and simple perforation plates. Based on quantitative research, stem wood had more fibers (700) and a storied vessel arrangement, indicating mechanical reinforcing and evolutionary specialization, while root wood had larger vessel sizes, and a higher vessel frequency. The formation of storied vessel arrangement as well as coalescent pits is crucial ecological distinctiveness of stem wood. The estimated values (including v & m ) indices shows adaptability to mesic environments, and the vulnerability and mesomorphy indices were marginally higher in roots (VI = 333; MI = 1.07) than in stems (VI = 328; MI = 1.025). Enhanced hydraulic efficiency and embolism repair are implied by vestured pits and starch reserves. Practically a majority of individuals are aware of the anatomy of the Apocynaceae family, not much is known about the anatomy of W. coccinea's stem wood, despite nothing has been identified about its root wood. These integrated qualitative and quantitative results offer crucial diagnostic attributes for W. coccinea taxonomy, adaptive ecology, and conservation.