ANALOG AND DIGITAL MODULATION AND DEMODULATION TECHNIQUES

Modulation technology is vital in communication systems. This chapter offers an overview and comparison of various modulation and demodulation techniques used in communication systems. This chapter provides a comparative analysis of analog and digital modulation alongside demodulation techniques in communication electronics. Analog modulation, including Amplitude Modulation and Frequency Modulation, offers simplicity in design and cost-effectiveness but is highly susceptible to noise and requires a larger bandwidth. The swift expansion of contemporary communication systems, including wireless radio frequency (RF) connections and high-capacity optical networks, has heightened the necessity for smart and adaptable modulation and demodulation methods. Conventional signal processing methods depend on analytical models and manually designed features, which frequently encounter difficulties in intricate, noisy, and dynamic settings. AI and ML methods offer a data-centric approach, facilitating automatic extraction of features, enhancing resilience to channel distortions, and allowing scalable performance across various modulation types. This chapter offers an in-depth examination of AI/ML-driven methods for recognizing modulation, identifying modulation formats, and demodulating signals. Based on recent studies, the chapter examines new techniques in supervised, modulation, and demodulation.