Open educational resources in the context of language learning and teaching

Open Educational Resources (OER) movement represents a global initiative that fosters collaboration among educators and institutions while promoting equal access to knowledge and learning opportunities. Initially in- troduced as innovative instruments within a traditional educational context, OER are defined by open licenses that permit the use, adaptation, and redistribution of materials without consent from the author. The integra- tion of OER into language learning expands accessibility to authentic learning materials and contributes to the development of learner autonomy, intercultural awareness, and digital literacy. The article examines the role of OER in the context of language learning and provides a classification of widely used platforms offering freely accessible and openly licensed materials for the development of language skills. Reviewed OER com- bine multiple resource types to create personalized language-learning experiences. Additionally, the study highlights the challenges related to OER adoption, including learners’ awareness, quality assurance, copyright issues, digital competence and the institutional support. The results indicate that successful integration of OER in language teaching requires not only knowledge of available resources but also educators’ ability to critically assess and pedagogically adapt OER to ensure alignment with intended learning outcomes.