Hybrid nanofluid past time-dependent radially stretched sheet with Dufour and Soret effects

The steady laminar flow past a time-dependent radially stretching sheet with Soret and Dufour effects within a hybrid nanofluid is studied. The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations utilising the similarity transformations. Successive linearization is employed to linearise the nonlinear system of equations. The resultant system of equations is solved using the Chebyshev collocation method. Plots of the velocity, temperature, and concentration for chosen parameters are displayed in conjunction with the Sherwood number, Nusselt number, and coefficient of skin friction. As the volume fraction of copper (Cu) nanoparticles increases, the important values of these variables decrease, while increasing the amount of alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles causes them to rise. The hybrid nanofluid demonstrates a faster heat transfer rate than the nanofluid on the radially stretched surface. Additionally, it has been discovered that increasing the volume fractions of copper (Cu) nanoparticles minimizes the coefficient of skin friction, the Sherwood number, and the Nusselt number for the stretching surface, while increasing the volume fractions of alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles boosts the skin friction coefficient, the Sherwood number, and lowers the Nusselt number. Furthermore, increasing the Dufour number maintains the Sherwood number at a constant level while decreasing the Nusselt number; in contrast, enhancing the Soret number decreases the Sherwood number and increases the Nusselt number.