Flow and Heat transfer of Hybrid nanofluid past an Exponentially Stretched Porous surface

This research looks at the flow and heat conduction properties of a hybrid nanofluid formed by an exponentially stretched porous surface. Over the last decade, there has been a substantial increase in research on nanofluids. Despite several contradictions in the published results and a poor understanding of the heat transmission mechanism in nanofluids, this fluid has emerged as a viable heat transfer medium. It takes longer for the combination nanofluid to make heat than it does for ordinary nanofluid. It has also been shown through simulations that the mixed nanofluid has better temperature performance than the nanofluid. Using the similarity transformation approach, the governing equations of the issue are turned to similarity equations. To convert nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) to ordinary differential equations (ODEs), the Keller Box approach is used. This strategy for solving these ODEs has been shown to be quite successful. The effects of several targeted parameters on physical quantities are shown, and the comparison of findings for validation is also recorded. The study's findings are provided as graphs, demonstrating the strong influence of the targeted elements on both nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid. Because of the existence of hybrid nanofluid, the velocity and temperature profiles have improved. Variations in the amount of Copper (Cu) nanoparticles, in particular, cause dramatic variations in the velocity and temperature profiles of the hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, a lower Prandtl number is shown to reduce temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness. The graphical representations also show how porosity affects temperature and velocity profiles.