3D CONCRETE PRINTING: A REVIEW ON THE EFFECT OF MATERIAL PROPORTIONING IN RHEOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

In the last few years, there has been a huge increase in research and development of additive manufacturing processes that use cementitious materials and concrete, and technologies such as 3D concrete printing finding their way into construction sector more rapidly. 3D concrete printing has demonstrated tremendous industry potential over the last ten years. Concrete 3D printing is a cutting-edge technology that might reduce construction waste, speed up building, educe construction cost, improve architectural flexibility, improve accuracy, and do away with the requirement for formwork. The material proportioning, which have a significant impact on the rheological and mechanical properties, are the primary issues for the success of 3DCP. This article provides an overview of the impact of materials and their proportioning utilized in 3DCP on rheological and mechanical properties through a detailed examination of material proportioning of 3D concrete printing. The printability and buildability of 3D concrete printing are part of the fresh concrete's rheology. The fresh properties of 3DCP are greatly influenced by the selection and proportioning of materials, such as cementitious materials, aggregate, fly ash, silica fume, metakaolin, supplementary cementitious materials like GGBS, and chemical admixtures like superplasticizer and viscosity-modifying agents. The water-to-binder ratio, particle size distribution, and application of nanomaterials all have a significant impact on the yield stress, plastic viscosity, and thixotropic behaviour, which are necessary for an efficient layer-by-layer construction process. The mechanical qualities, such as tensile and flexural strength, are enhanced by the addition of fibers, such as steel, glass, or polymer fibers. The economy and sustainability of 3D concrete printing are enhanced by the addition of geopolymer, recyclable aggregates, and industrial byproducts to the 3DPC mixture. In order to achieve the necessary structural performance, this study regulates the basic material inputs, providing direction for the future development of 3D printable building and construction materials.