A Review of Radiation Protection Apron For Health Facilities: With Focus On Lead Apron

In medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, ionizing radiations are commonly used. The major radiations used are the X-rays and Gamma rays. The personnel working in the radiological facilities to carry out these procedures are supposed to be properly shielded from the harmful effects of these radiations. The currently used aprons are made up of Lead which is a heavy metal. Several studies have been documented showing that Lead aprons provide appropriate shielding against ionizing radiation. This is basically due to its chemical property being a heavy metal hence radiopaque. However, Lead apron has its disadvantages. This review is therefore focused on the disadvantages that come with the use of Lead aprons in medical procedures. Several literature reviews have highlighted these disadvantages which include; bulkiness as a result of Lead being a heavy metal, very expensive and therefore difficult for the government to avail to every radiological personnel across the country. Furthermore, it is toxic to the ecosystem due to its chemical nature. The texture of the Lead apron also inconveniences the wearer. These, in turn result into compromise amongst the radiological personnel by not putting them on during these procedures. Thus, exposing their bodies to these ionizing radiations which may cause either deterministic or stochastic effects. In conclusion, this paper suggests the need to investigate an alternative radiation shielding apron that is lighter, cheaper, ecofriendly and convenient to the wearer by using different materials and methods, such as the use of barium which provides a better radiation shielding as Lead.