Molecular diversity estimates of Pakistani citrus rootstocks

Quality rootstocks are mandatory to fortify and boost up the citrus industry. Traditionally, Pakistani citrus industry is based on two rootstocks (rough lemon and sour orange), and consequently facing many biotic and abiotic constraints. Characterization and evaluation of new rootstocks is also essential to expand the citrus genetic resources for better utilization and to improve future breeding programmes. In this study thirteen rootstocks were assessed based on twenty-five morphological traits (quantitative and qualitative) whereas genetic diversity was evaluated by using forty RAPD markers. Results manifested huge morphological diversity in Sachian Citromello, Citromello 1452, Yuma citrange and Benton rootstocks. Thirteen RAPD markers proved reliable and effective tool and showed significant amplification, producing a total of 286 fragments with 61.53% polymorphism. Moreover, RAPD markers showed the individuality of all the studied rootstocks and highlighted the similarities and dissimilarities among them. Findings of this study will provide basis for further investigations looking to the improvement of citrus rootstocks. Results are also valuable for future rootstock breeding programs, particularly in release of superior and trustworthy new rootstocks for Pakistani citrus industry. The combination of such kinds of morphological and molecular markers is highly powerful tool in accomplishing detailed analysis of Citrus phylogeny and origin.