Correlation analysis of serum sTREM-1 and sHLA-DR levels with the prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation

Background: To observe the expression levels of serum soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and serum soluble Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR (sHLA-DR) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and their clinical significance. Methods: 136 patients with atrial fibrillation who were admitted from April 2023 to September 2025 were selected as the research group, and 100 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group. ELISA was used to detect serum levels of sTREM-1 and sHLA-DR, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using an automatic biochemical analyser. Results: The study group exhibited elevated blood levels of sTREM-1 and sHLA-DR compared with the control group (P<0.05). Regarding patient age, sex, type of atrial fibrillation, and EHRA classification, there were statistically significant differences in sTREM-1 and sHLA-DR levels between the study and control groups (P<0.05). The study group had greater levels of CRP and serum IL-6 than the control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of sTREM-1 and sHLA-DR in serum were positively correlated with those of IL-6 and CRP (P<0.05) using Pearson correlation analysis. Serum levels of the inflammatory markers IL-6 and CRP as well as sTREM-1 and sHLA-DR, were strongly associated with AF in the logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Serum levels of sTREM-1 and sHLA-DR are increased in patients with atrial fibrillation, which may be related to the onset and progression of AF Clinically, these can be considered relevant biological indicators for monitoring AF.