The impact of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD 1) gene polymorphism on Helicobacter Pylori induced chronic gastritis in hepatic patients.

Background: Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori ) causes atrophic and even gastric metaplastic changes, and it has a well-known link to peptic ulceration. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is a protein receptor that is presented by the NOD1 gene. It distinguishes H.pylori bacterial molecules and enhances an immune response Objectives: to describe the relation between the NOD1 gene (rs2075820) polymorphism and H.pylori infection in hepatic and non hepatic patients with chronic gastritis, study its impact on the degree of chronic gastritis in H.pylori positive individuals, and to examine the effect of H. pylori on clinical, endoscopic and histopathological findings and child paugh scoring in hepatic patients. Methodology: Gastric tissue samples were taken from selected 200 patients with chronic gastritis, either hepatic or non hepatic. Rapid urease test and pathological findings classified them into H.pylori infected and non infected patients. Genotyping of NOD 1 was studied using polymerase chain reaction /restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) method. Results: A significant higher frequency of AA genotype, and the A allele of NOD1 gene in H.pylori +ve patients, either hepatic; (58%)-(73%) or non hepatic;(62%)-(78%) as compared to H.pylori –ve patients,(P <0.001). A highly significant relation between NOD1 genotypes and endoscopic findings, where most of H.pylori infected patients with AA genotype had more peptic ulcer, antral erosion, gastric prolapse, esophageal varices and esophageal hiatus hernia compared to patients with GA and GG genotypes, (P<0.001). No significant impact of H.pylori on signs of liver affection and child paugh scoring in hepatic patients. Conclusions: In NOD1 gene polymorphism, AA genotype and A allele have significantly implicated in H.pylori infection susceptibility and progression. While GG genotype and G allele have a protective effect against H.pylori infection.