Search engine for discovering works of Art, research articles, and books related to Art and Culture
ShareThis
Javascript must be enabled to continue!

The current state of mycotoxin biomarker development in humans and animals and the potential for application to plant systems

View through CrossRef
Filamentous fungi that contaminate livestock feeds and human food supply often produce toxigenic secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins. Among the hundreds of known mycotoxins, aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone are considered the most commercially important. Intense research on these mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, has resulted in the development of 'biomarkers' used to link exposure to disease risk. In the case of aflatoxin this effort has led to the discovery of both exposure and mechanism-based biomarkers, which have proven essential for understanding aflatoxin's potential for causing disease in humans, including subtle effects on growth and immune response. Fumonisin biomarkers have also been used extensively in farm and laboratory animals to study the fumonisin-induced disruption of cellular and systemic physiology which leads to disease. This review summarises the status of mycotoxin biomarker development in humans and animals for the commercially important mycotoxins. Since the fungi responsible for the production of these mycotoxins are often endophytes that infect and colonise living plant tissues, accumulation of mycotoxins in the plant tissues may at times be associated with development of plant disease symptoms. The presence of mycotoxins, even in the absence of disease symptoms, may still have subtle biological effects on the physiology of plants. This review examines the question of whether or not the knowledge gained from mechanistic studies and development of biomarkers in animal and human systems is transferable to the study of mycotoxin effects on plant systems. Thus far, fumonisin has proven amenable to development of mechanism-based biomarkers to study maize seedling disease caused by the fumonisin producer, Fusarium verticillioides. Expanding our knowledge of mechanisms of toxicity and the overt and subtle effects on animal, human, and plant systems through the identification and validation of biomarkers will further our ability to monitor and limit the damage and economic impact of mycotoxins.
Title: The current state of mycotoxin biomarker development in humans and animals and the potential for application to plant systems
Description:
Filamentous fungi that contaminate livestock feeds and human food supply often produce toxigenic secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins.
Among the hundreds of known mycotoxins, aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone are considered the most commercially important.
Intense research on these mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, has resulted in the development of 'biomarkers' used to link exposure to disease risk.
In the case of aflatoxin this effort has led to the discovery of both exposure and mechanism-based biomarkers, which have proven essential for understanding aflatoxin's potential for causing disease in humans, including subtle effects on growth and immune response.
Fumonisin biomarkers have also been used extensively in farm and laboratory animals to study the fumonisin-induced disruption of cellular and systemic physiology which leads to disease.
This review summarises the status of mycotoxin biomarker development in humans and animals for the commercially important mycotoxins.
Since the fungi responsible for the production of these mycotoxins are often endophytes that infect and colonise living plant tissues, accumulation of mycotoxins in the plant tissues may at times be associated with development of plant disease symptoms.
The presence of mycotoxins, even in the absence of disease symptoms, may still have subtle biological effects on the physiology of plants.
This review examines the question of whether or not the knowledge gained from mechanistic studies and development of biomarkers in animal and human systems is transferable to the study of mycotoxin effects on plant systems.
Thus far, fumonisin has proven amenable to development of mechanism-based biomarkers to study maize seedling disease caused by the fumonisin producer, Fusarium verticillioides.
Expanding our knowledge of mechanisms of toxicity and the overt and subtle effects on animal, human, and plant systems through the identification and validation of biomarkers will further our ability to monitor and limit the damage and economic impact of mycotoxins.

Related Results

Evaluation of mycotoxins in grains sold in Idah, Ajaka and Ogbogbo areas of Nigeria
Evaluation of mycotoxins in grains sold in Idah, Ajaka and Ogbogbo areas of Nigeria
Mycotoxin contamination in grains is a significant concern due to its adverse effects on human and animal health. Understanding the levels and patterns of mycotoxin contamination i...
EVALUATION OF MYCOTOXINS IN GRAINS SOLD IN IDAH, AJAKA AND OGBOGBO AREAS OF NIGERIA
EVALUATION OF MYCOTOXINS IN GRAINS SOLD IN IDAH, AJAKA AND OGBOGBO AREAS OF NIGERIA
Mycotoxin contamination in grains is a significant concern due to its adverse effects on human and animal health. Understanding the levels and patterns of mycotoxin contamination i...
The use of artificial intelligence to improve mycotoxin management: a review
The use of artificial intelligence to improve mycotoxin management: a review
Abstract The management of mycotoxin contamination in the supply chain is continuously evolving in response to growing knowledge about mycotoxins, shifting factor...
EVALUATION OF MYCOTOXINS IN GRAINS SOLD IN IDAH AND ITS ENVIRONS
EVALUATION OF MYCOTOXINS IN GRAINS SOLD IN IDAH AND ITS ENVIRONS
Mycotoxin contamination in grains is a significant concern due to its adverse effects on human and animal health. Understanding the levels and patterns of mycotoxin contamination i...
EPD Electronic Pathogen Detection v1
EPD Electronic Pathogen Detection v1
Electronic pathogen detection (EPD) is a non - invasive, rapid, affordable, point- of- care test, for Covid 19 resulting from infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus. EPD scanning techno...
A systematic literature review on the effects of mycotoxin exposure on insects and on mycotoxin accumulation and biotransformation
A systematic literature review on the effects of mycotoxin exposure on insects and on mycotoxin accumulation and biotransformation
AbstractNovel protein sources for animal feed are needed, and the use of insects as feed ingredient is explored. The insect production sector offers opportunities for a circular an...
Because Neglect Isn't Cute: Tuxedo Stan's Campaign for a Humane World
Because Neglect Isn't Cute: Tuxedo Stan's Campaign for a Humane World
On 10 September 2012, a cat named Tuxedo Stan launched his campaign for mayor of the Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia, Canada (“Tuxedo Stan for Mayor”). Backed by his h...

Back to Top