Analysis of Summer Microclimate and Human Comfort Effects in Beijing Xishan National Forest Park

Abstract This study focuses on Beijing Xishan National Forest Park and analyzes the temperature and air humidity of Forest Park, forests, and water bodies during the summer season. Negative air ions are also monitored, and formulas are utilized to analyze human comfort. The study examines the influence of different microclimate comfort levels on visitor numbers and activities. The results indicate that, based on the findings of this study, the grasslands in Beijing Xishan National Forest Park can reduce the average temperature by 0.52℃. Human intervention has advantages in altering the microclimate function of urban grasslands. The temperature reduction rate in the summer forests is 3.09%, and the air humidity increase rate is 7.4%, both of which are higher than those of the grasslands. The temperature reduction rate in sparsely planted forests is significantly lower than that in densely planted forests, and the air humidity increase rate in sparsely planted forests is significantly lower than that in densely planted forests. The reasonable configuration of mixed structures of trees, shrubs, and grass in urban and suburban park designs directly affects the intensity of the surrounding forest microclimate and human activities. The temperature reduction rate and air humidity increase rate near the curved and strip-shaped water systems in Xishan National Forest Park are higher than those of the control site, indicating the need to pay attention to water system design in urban and suburban park designs while considering the size and allocation of water bodies. The forest NAI (Negative Air Ion) concentration in Xishan National Forest Park exhibits an unimodal pattern of daily variation, with a daily average of 2142 ions/cm3. The period between 8:00 AM and 12:00 PM has the highest concentration of negative air ions during the day. In terms of visitor comfort analysis in the park, walking is the most sensitive activity to microclimate comfort, followed by resting, playing chess, and sports, while activities such as lake viewing, dog walking, and photography are less sensitive.