Structural and Dynamic Aspects of Freight Transportation Logistics in Ukraine.

Freight transportation logistics in Ukraine over the long-term period of 1940-2024 is examined through the prism of structural and dynamic changes by modes of transport, transformation of logistics flows, increasing risks, and changes in the spatial organization of transportation. Particular attention is paid to identifying trends in the concentration of freight flows and the role of agrologistics in shaping the modern model of domestic transportation. The purpose is to analyze the structural and dynamic aspects of freight transportation logistics in Ukraine based on an assessment of changes in volumes, structure, growth (decline) rates, and freight turnover by modes of transport over the long-term period. The study employs structural-dynamic and comparative analysis of statistical data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the index method, analysis of shares and rates of change, and the generalization of dynamic series of transportation volumes and freight turnover indicators. The formation of an asymmetric monocentric logistics model dominated by road transport is identified; its share in 2018-2024 remained stable within 80-83%. A decline in the role of rail transport and the marginalization of water transport in domestic logistics are substantiated. Road transport is shown to demonstrate higher adaptability and relative competitiveness under crisis conditions and uncertainty. An increase in logistics risks associated with the concentration of freight flows is established, along with the system-forming role of agrologistics in generating demand for flexible transport solutions. Structural and dynamic shifts in freight transportation logistics reflect a transition to a fragmented model with a shorter transport distance and an increased role of road transport. This transformation combines the growth of competitive advantages of certain segments with intensified logistics risks and limited resilience of the transport and logistics system. The results can be used to substantiate directions for enhancing the resilience of freight transportation logistics, diversifying the transport structure, and developing agrologistics under conditions of increasing risks and uncertainty.