Duplo Merle em Border Collies: Implicações genéticas e de saúde

Currently, the growing demand for aesthetic characteristics in the pet market has generated a significant increase in the number of pets in the country, as indicated by several studies. One of the most sought after and desired coat patterns is the Merle pattern, characterized by a coloration that resembles marble, resulting from the action of the M (Merle) gene. This pattern is observed in several dog breeds, giving them a unique and attractive appearance. However, it is essential to understand that, in addition to aesthetics, the genetics behind this coat can have implications for the health of animals. This study aims to conduct an in-depth review of the influence of the Merle gene and the pathologies associated with it, in addition to comparing these conditions with other genetic anomalies related to dog coats. The Merle gene, responsible for the distinctive appearance, can be advantageous from a commercial and visual point of view, but dogs carrying this gene are more predisposed to hearing deficiencies, such as deafness, when compared to other dogs of the same breed, but with different coat patterns. This condition is associated with a range of health problems, including deafness, blindness, sterility and other physical anomalies that can be serious and even incompatible with life. These pathologies are a consequence of the accumulation of copies of the Merle gene, which makes it essential that breeders and owners are aware of the risks involved in breeding dogs with this coat pattern. In view of this, it is essential that veterinary professionals provide adequate guidance on the risks associated with breeding dogs with Merle coats, promoting the education of owners and breeders. Raising awareness of the consequences of irresponsible breeding practices is crucial to maintaining the health of animals and ensuring their well-being, preventing the spread of harmful genetic conditions. Thus, the responsibility for commercial breeding of the species falls on the veterinarian, who must act ethically and in an informed manner, aiming for a balance between the aesthetics and health of the dogs.