‘Oranje boven’ - Vieren en herdenken in vrijheid

‘Oranje boven [Orange Up]’: National Celebrations and Commemorations in Freedom.By ways of national celebrations and commemorations national cohesion is believed to be enlarged. It is unknown however who participates in these activities. In this contribution we address the question to what extent socialization by the parents and schools, and integration into religious organizations affect participation in national celebrations and commemorations. We also hypothesize that this form of national participation is affected by one’s nationalistic attitudes. Our findings show that these forms of participation are affected by patriotic attitudes, and not by chauvinistic attitudes. Moreover, parental examples are crucial for participation in the national celebrations and commemorations. Schooling and religiosity only affect specific forms of national celebrations and commemorations. Patriotic attitudes do not provide an interpretation for the effects from parents, schools and churches. The strong effect of parental transmission is neither moderated by the socializing role of the school, nor by integration into religious organizations.